Elsevier has used accusations over the alleged security threat that Sci-Hub poses to institutions to encourage educational institutions to block its use. Elsevier asked for monetary damages and an injunction to stop the sharing of the papers. Elsevier alleged that Sci-Hub violated copyright law and induced others to do so, and it alleged violations of the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act as well as inducements to violate that law. It was the largest copyright infringement case that had been filed in the U.S., or in the world, at the time. Library Genesis (LibGen) was also a defendant in the case, which may be based in either the Netherlands or in Russia. Sci-Hub et al., at the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York. In 2015, Elsevier filed a lawsuit against Sci-Hub, in Elsevier et al. See also: Copyright infringement § Legality of downloading United States It is also accessible through a Telegram bot. Sci-Hub has also been accessible at times by directly entering the IP address, or through a. Sci-Hub remained reachable via alternative domains such as. Sci-Hub has cycled through domain names, some of which have been blocked by domain registry operators. In September 2021, the site celebrated the tenth anniversary of its launch date by uploading on that single day over 2.3 million articles to its database.
In May 2021, Sci-Hub users collaborated to preserve the website's data, anticipating that the site may go offline. The site was launched on September 5, 2011. In 2011, she developed Sci-Hub to automatically share papers. She began contributing to online forums dedicated to sharing research papers. According to Elbakyan, she experienced difficulty accessing scientific papers relevant to her research project. She later returned to Kazakhstan, where she started research in a Kazakh university. She then became interested in transhumanism and after attending a transhumanism conference in the United States, Elbakyan spent her remaining time in the country doing a research internship at Georgia Institute of Technology. Elbakyan earned her undergraduate degree at Kazakh National Technical University studying information technology, then worked for a year for a computer security firm in Moscow, then joined a research team at the University of Freiburg in Germany in 2010 that was working on a brain–computer interface. Sci-Hub was created by Alexandra Elbakyan, who was born in Kazakhstan in 1988. History Alexandra Elbakyan at a conference at Harvard (2010) Įlbakyan questioned the morality of the publishers' business and the legality of their methods in regards to the right to science and culture under Article 27 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, while maintaining that Sci-Hub should be "perfectly legal." Many Sci-Hub users, including Alexandra Elbakyan herself, maintain the position that Sci-Hub is a moral imperative, and if the operation of Sci-Hub contradicts the law, it is the law that should be changed rather than banning Sci-Hub. Publishers have criticized it for violating copyright, reducing the revenue of publishers, and potentially being linked to activities compromising universities' network security, though the cybersecurity threat posed by Sci-Hub may have been exaggerated by publishers. Sci-Hub has been lauded by some in the scientific, academic, and publishing communities for providing access to knowledge generated by the scientific community, which is usually funded by taxpayers (government grants) and with zero royalties paid to the authors. The site has cycled through different domain names since then. Sci-Hub and Elbakyan were sued twice for copyright infringement in the United States, in 20, and lost both cases by default, leading to loss of some of its Internet domain names. In addition to its intensive use, Sci-Hub stands out among other shadow libraries because of its easy use/reliability and because of an enormous size of its collection: a 2021 study estimated, that Sci-Hub provided access to 95% of all scholarly publications with issued DOI numbers, and on 15 July 2022 Sci-Hub reported that its collection comprises 88,343,822 files. In September 2019, the site's operator(s) said that it served approximately 400,000 requests per day. Sci-Hub was founded in Kazakhstan by Alexandra Elbakyan in 2011, in response to the high cost of research papers behind paywalls (see Serials crisis).
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Sci-Hub is a shadow library website that provides free access to millions of research papers, without regard to copyright, by bypassing publishers' paywalls in various ways.
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